Contestability
Contestability refers to the period of time after an insurance policy is issued during which the insurer has the right to review and investigate the accuracy of the information provided in the application. If the insurer discovers that any information was omitted, misstated, or misrepresented during this period, it can deny a claim or void the policy.
How It Works
In most Canadian life and health insurance policies, the contestability period lasts two years from the date the policy takes effect. During this window, the insurer can contest a claim based on errors or nondisclosure in the application, even if the omission was unintentional. If a claim falls within this period, the insurer must still honour the contract, but it reserves the right to deny payment when it finds false information on the application. Importantly, the reason for the loss does not need to be related to the misrepresentation; an unrelated cause can still lead to a denied claim if a material omission is found. Once the contestability period has expired, the policy generally becomes incontestable except in cases of fraud. Canadian courts have upheld the rescission of policies for misrepresentation in the first two years following coverage inception where applicants failed to disclose material information.
Example:
Suppose a Canadian applies for a personal health or critical illness policy and forgets to disclose a past medical condition during the application. If they then file a claim within the first two years, the insurer can review the original application during the contestability period. If it determines the omitted condition was material to its underwriting decision, it may deny the claim, even when the claim itself is unrelated to that condition.
What to Watch For:
Because the contestability period allows an insurer to contest a claim over even unintentional errors or nondisclosure, accuracy on your application matters greatly. An insurance company may deny a life or health insurance claim within this period, and an unrelated cause of loss can still be denied if a material omission is found. If your claim is denied and you want to discuss it, you can contact the head office of your insurance company.